See calx on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calx",
"t": "lime"
},
"expansion": "Latin calx (“lime”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cauk",
"3": "chalk"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cauk and chalk",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin calx (“lime”). Doublet of cauk and chalk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calxes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calces",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "calx (plural calces or calxes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1796, Erasmus Darwin, “[Class III. Diseases of Volition.] Ordo I. Increased Volition. Genus II. With Increased Actions of the Organs of Sense.”, in Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Organic Life, volume II, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, paragraph 12, page 375:",
"text": "[S]ome ladies apply to what are termed coſmetics under various names, which crowd the newspapers. Of theſe the white has deſtroyed the health of thouſands; a calx, or magiſtery, of biſmuth is ſuppoſed to be ſold in the ſhops for this purpoſe; but it is either, I am informed, in part or entirely white lead or ceruffa. […] The real calx of biſmuth would probably have the ſame ill effect.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Robert E Schofield, The Enlightened Joseph Priestley, Pennsylvania State University, page 179:",
"text": "The regeneration of mercury from its calx, without addition of any other substance, had been a chief example for anti-phlogiston, but that could, as Kirwan showed, be explained in a way consistent with phlogiston theory.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation)."
],
"id": "en-calx-en-noun-oLOSOpmK",
"links": [
[
"phlogiston",
"phlogiston"
],
[
"oxide",
"oxide"
],
[
"sublimation",
"sublimation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly historical) The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation)."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "okalina",
"sense": "substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "окалина"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "popiół"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 65 2 2 7 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 76 1 1 5 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the Eton College wall game, an area at the end of the field where a shy can be scored by lifting the ball against the wall with one's foot."
],
"id": "en-calx-en-noun-kDYNGPpw",
"links": [
[
"wall game",
"wall game"
],
[
"shy",
"shy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælks/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-calx.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælks"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"calx"
],
"word": "calx"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "calcārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "calcifraga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "calcium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "calculus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "chôlx"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chôlx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: chôlx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "cals",
"t": "calcium"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: cals (“calcium”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: cals (“calcium”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "causs",
"t": "calcium"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: causs (“calcium”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: causs (“calcium”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chaus"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chaus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chaus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chaux"
},
"expansion": "French: chaux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chaux"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calç"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "calç",
"3": "cauç"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: calç, cauç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: calç, cauç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "cautz"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: cautz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: cautz, cauci, còci"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nord-Occitan: chauç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "calce"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: calce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: calce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calce"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "cauce"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: cauce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: cauce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cauci"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cauci",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cauci"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "calso"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: calso",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: calso"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calciāta",
"der": "1",
"t": "paved road"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calciāta (“paved road”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calciāta (“paved road”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "chossià",
"3": "chossà"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chossià, chossà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: chossià, chossà"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chaussée"
},
"expansion": "French: chaussée",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chaussée"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cauçada"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cauçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cauçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "colçada"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: colçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: colçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nord-Occitan: chauçada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cauciata"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cauciata",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cauciata"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "calzada"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: calzada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: calzada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mxi",
"2": "*calčata"
},
"expansion": "Mozarabic: *calčata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mozarabic: *calčata"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "carxata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: carxata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: carxata"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "calzada"
},
"expansion": "Galician: calzada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: calzada"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calzada"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: calzada\n→ Cebuano: karsada, kalsada\n→ Hiligaynon: kalsada\n→ Tagalog: kalsada",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: calzada\n→ Cebuano: karsada, kalsada\n→ Hiligaynon: kalsada\n→ Tagalog: kalsada"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calcīna",
"der": "1",
"t": "lime, limestone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīna (“lime, limestone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīna (“lime, limestone”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "calsena",
"3": "calseina"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: calsena, calseina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: calsena, calseina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "câssinn-a"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: câssinn-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: câssinn-a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "calsina",
"3": "culsina",
"4": "culsena"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: calsina, culsina, culsena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: calsina, culsina, culsena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "caussin-a",
"3": "caussen-a",
"4": "coussen-a"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: caussin-a, caussen-a, coussen-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: caussin-a, caussen-a, coussen-a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "calseina"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: calseina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: calseina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calcina"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calcina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calcina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "caucina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: caucina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: caucina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calcina"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calcina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calcina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "caucia"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: caucia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: caucia, caucea, causia, causea, causena, causeia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "caucina"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: caucina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: caucina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chaucina"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaucina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaucina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "calcina",
"3": "calsina"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: calcina, calsina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: calcina, calsina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calem",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calem",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "through <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">*calis</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cals</i>"
},
"expansion": "(through *calis, from cals)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calem (through *calis, from cals)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: cal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cal"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gëlqë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gëlqë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gëlqë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kalx",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kalx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kalx"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "calch",
"3": "calh"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: calch, calh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: calch, calh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "calch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: calch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: calch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "calch"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: calch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: calch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calx",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "kalko",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: kalko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: kalko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalk (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "kalko",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: kalko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: kalko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cailc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: cailc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: cailc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cailc"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cailc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cailc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "kelk"
},
"expansion": "Manx: kelk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: kelk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cailc"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cailc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cailc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calce"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάλιξ",
"t": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”), in any case of substrate origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "calx f (genitive calcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "calculātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "calculātor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"limestone"
],
"id": "en-calx-la-noun-FHqOoYQD",
"links": [
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chalk"
],
"id": "en-calx-la-noun-yIb~Efal",
"links": [
[
"chalk",
"chalk"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 31 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the finish line"
],
"id": "en-calx-la-noun-FHgFQ5dt",
"links": [
[
"finish line",
"finish line"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käɫ̪ks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[kälks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:calx"
],
"word": "calx"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Direct reflexes:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calcio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calcio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calcio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "causs",
"3": "còuss"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: causs, còuss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: causs, còuss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couce",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couce m\nGalician: couce m\nPortuguese: coice m, (dated or dialectal) couce m",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couce m\nGalician: couce m\nPortuguese: coice m, (dated or dialectal) couce m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "coçe"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: coçe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: coçe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "coz",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: coz f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: coz f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Derived forms:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calcīcāre",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīcāre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīcāre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calcigar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calcigar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calcigar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "calcigar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: calcigar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: calcigar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "accaccigai"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: accaccigai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: accaccigai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "calcatrippa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Medieval Latin: calcatrippa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Medieval Latin: calcatrippa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calcatrippa",
"3": "calcatreppola",
"4": "cacatreppola"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calcatrippa, calcatreppola, cacatreppola",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calcatrippa, calcatreppola, cacatreppola"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "calcatrippe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old English: calcatrippe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old English: calcatrippe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caltrop"
},
"expansion": "English: caltrop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: caltrop"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kuk",
"t": "thigh, hip"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кълка",
"t": "hip"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "колк",
"t": "bony stump"
},
"expansion": "Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kulksnis",
"3": "",
"4": "hock"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kulksnis (“hock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kulksnis",
"3": "",
"4": "ankle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "culczi",
"3": "",
"4": "hip"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian culczi (“hip”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, with possibilities including:\n* An extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kel- (“to bend”).\n* Non-Indo-European (possibly Etruscan) origin; however, de Vaan notes the lack of a \"concrete comparandum\" for this.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-, related to Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”), Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”), Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”), Latvian kulksnis (“hock”), Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”), Old Prussian culczi (“hip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "calx f (genitive calcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 39 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 18 73",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "la:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calcāneum"
},
{
"word": "calcāneus"
},
{
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"word": "calceō"
},
{
"word": "calceus"
},
{
"word": "calciō"
},
{
"word": "calcitrō"
},
{
"word": "calcō"
},
{
"word": "conculcō"
},
{
"word": "inculcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heel (of the foot)"
],
"id": "en-calx-la-noun-zePokzT7",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) heel (of the foot)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tālus"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "tālō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käɫ̪ks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[kälks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:calx"
],
"word": "calx"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ælks",
"Rhymes:English/ælks/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"la:Rocks"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calx",
"t": "lime"
},
"expansion": "Latin calx (“lime”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cauk",
"3": "chalk"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cauk and chalk",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin calx (“lime”). Doublet of cauk and chalk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calxes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calces",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "calx (plural calces or calxes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1796, Erasmus Darwin, “[Class III. Diseases of Volition.] Ordo I. Increased Volition. Genus II. With Increased Actions of the Organs of Sense.”, in Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Organic Life, volume II, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, paragraph 12, page 375:",
"text": "[S]ome ladies apply to what are termed coſmetics under various names, which crowd the newspapers. Of theſe the white has deſtroyed the health of thouſands; a calx, or magiſtery, of biſmuth is ſuppoſed to be ſold in the ſhops for this purpoſe; but it is either, I am informed, in part or entirely white lead or ceruffa. […] The real calx of biſmuth would probably have the ſame ill effect.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Robert E Schofield, The Enlightened Joseph Priestley, Pennsylvania State University, page 179:",
"text": "The regeneration of mercury from its calx, without addition of any other substance, had been a chief example for anti-phlogiston, but that could, as Kirwan showed, be explained in a way consistent with phlogiston theory.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation)."
],
"links": [
[
"phlogiston",
"phlogiston"
],
[
"oxide",
"oxide"
],
[
"sublimation",
"sublimation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly historical) The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation)."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In the Eton College wall game, an area at the end of the field where a shy can be scored by lifting the ball against the wall with one's foot."
],
"links": [
[
"wall game",
"wall game"
],
[
"shy",
"shy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælks/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-calx.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-calx.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælks"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "okalina",
"sense": "substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "окалина"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "popiół"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"calx"
],
"word": "calx"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Rocks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calcārius"
},
{
"word": "calcifraga"
},
{
"word": "calcium"
},
{
"word": "calculus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "chôlx"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chôlx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: chôlx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "cals",
"t": "calcium"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: cals (“calcium”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: cals (“calcium”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "causs",
"t": "calcium"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: causs (“calcium”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: causs (“calcium”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chaus"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chaus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chaus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chaux"
},
"expansion": "French: chaux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chaux"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calç"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "calç",
"3": "cauç"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: calç, cauç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: calç, cauç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "cautz"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: cautz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: cautz, cauci, còci"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nord-Occitan: chauç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "calce"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: calce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: calce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calce"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "cauce"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: cauce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: cauce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cauci"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cauci",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cauci"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "calso"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: calso",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: calso"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calciāta",
"der": "1",
"t": "paved road"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calciāta (“paved road”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calciāta (“paved road”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "chossià",
"3": "chossà"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chossià, chossà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: chossià, chossà"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chaussée"
},
"expansion": "French: chaussée",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chaussée"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cauçada"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cauçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cauçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "colçada"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: colçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: colçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nord-Occitan: chauçada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cauciata"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cauciata",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cauciata"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "calzada"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: calzada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: calzada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mxi",
"2": "*calčata"
},
"expansion": "Mozarabic: *calčata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mozarabic: *calčata"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "carxata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: carxata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: carxata"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "calzada"
},
"expansion": "Galician: calzada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: calzada"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "calçada"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: calçada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: calçada"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calzada"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: calzada\n→ Cebuano: karsada, kalsada\n→ Hiligaynon: kalsada\n→ Tagalog: kalsada",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: calzada\n→ Cebuano: karsada, kalsada\n→ Hiligaynon: kalsada\n→ Tagalog: kalsada"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calcīna",
"der": "1",
"t": "lime, limestone"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīna (“lime, limestone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīna (“lime, limestone”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "calsena",
"3": "calseina"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: calsena, calseina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: calsena, calseina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "câssinn-a"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: câssinn-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: câssinn-a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "calsina",
"3": "culsina",
"4": "culsena"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: calsina, culsina, culsena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: calsina, culsina, culsena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "caussin-a",
"3": "caussen-a",
"4": "coussen-a"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: caussin-a, caussen-a, coussen-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: caussin-a, caussen-a, coussen-a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "calseina"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: calseina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: calseina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calcina"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calcina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calcina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "caucina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: caucina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: caucina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calcina"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calcina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calcina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "caucia"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: caucia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: caucia, caucea, causia, causea, causena, causeia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "caucina"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: caucina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: caucina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chaucina"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaucina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaucina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "calcina",
"3": "calsina"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: calcina, calsina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: calcina, calsina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calem",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calem",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "through <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">*calis</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cals</i>"
},
"expansion": "(through *calis, from cals)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calem (through *calis, from cals)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: cal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: cal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cal"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gëlqë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gëlqë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gëlqë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kalx",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kalx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kalx"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "calch",
"3": "calh"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: calch, calh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: calch, calh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "calch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: calch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: calch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "calch"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: calch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: calch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calx",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "kalko",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: kalko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: kalko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kalk (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "kalko",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: kalko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: kalko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cailc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: cailc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: cailc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cailc"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cailc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cailc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "kelk"
},
"expansion": "Manx: kelk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: kelk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cailc"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cailc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cailc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calce"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάλιξ",
"t": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”), in any case of substrate origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "calx f (genitive calcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "calculātiō"
},
{
"word": "calculātor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"limestone"
],
"links": [
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chalk"
],
"links": [
[
"chalk",
"chalk"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the finish line"
],
"links": [
[
"finish line",
"finish line"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käɫ̪ks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[kälks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:calx"
],
"word": "calx"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Rocks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calcāneum"
},
{
"word": "calcāneus"
},
{
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"word": "calceō"
},
{
"word": "calceus"
},
{
"word": "calciō"
},
{
"word": "calcitrō"
},
{
"word": "calcō"
},
{
"word": "conculcō"
},
{
"word": "inculcō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Direct reflexes:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calcio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calcio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calcio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "causs",
"3": "còuss"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: causs, còuss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: causs, còuss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couce",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couce m\nGalician: couce m\nPortuguese: coice m, (dated or dialectal) couce m",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couce m\nGalician: couce m\nPortuguese: coice m, (dated or dialectal) couce m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "coçe"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: coçe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: coçe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "coz",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: coz f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: coz f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Derived forms:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*calcīcāre",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīcāre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calcīcāre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calcigar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: calcigar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: calcigar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "calcigar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: calcigar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: calcigar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "accaccigai"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: accaccigai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: accaccigai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "calcatrippa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Medieval Latin: calcatrippa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Medieval Latin: calcatrippa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calcatrippa",
"3": "calcatreppola",
"4": "cacatreppola"
},
"expansion": "Italian: calcatrippa, calcatreppola, cacatreppola",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: calcatrippa, calcatreppola, cacatreppola"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "calcatrippe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old English: calcatrippe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old English: calcatrippe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caltrop"
},
"expansion": "English: caltrop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: caltrop"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kuk",
"t": "thigh, hip"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кълка",
"t": "hip"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "колк",
"t": "bony stump"
},
"expansion": "Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kulksnis",
"3": "",
"4": "hock"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kulksnis (“hock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kulksnis",
"3": "",
"4": "ankle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "culczi",
"3": "",
"4": "hip"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian culczi (“hip”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, with possibilities including:\n* An extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kel- (“to bend”).\n* Non-Indo-European (possibly Etruscan) origin; however, de Vaan notes the lack of a \"concrete comparandum\" for this.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *klHk(ᵂ)-(n)-, related to Serbo-Croatian kuk (“thigh, hip”), Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “hip”), Russian колк (kolk, “bony stump”), Latvian kulksnis (“hock”), Lithuanian kulksnis (“ankle”), Old Prussian culczi (“hip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calcis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "calx f (genitive calcis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calx<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"heel (of the foot)"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) heel (of the foot)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tālus"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "tālō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käɫ̪ks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kalks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[kälks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:calx"
],
"word": "calx"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calx meaning in All languages combined (25.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.